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مشاهده بزرگتر عكس

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 contents

1-Articulatory phonetics

The vocal organs

places of Articulation

Manners of Articulation

The Articulation of vowel sounds

Suprasegmentals

Exercises

2-Phonology and phonetic Transcription

The Transcription of consonants

The Transcription of vowels

Exercises

Consonants and vowel charts

Phonology

Features

Exercises

Performance exercises

3- The Consonants of english

Stop Consonants

Coarticulation

Palatography

Fricatives

Affricates

Nasals

Approximants

Exercises

Performance exercises

4- English vowels and phonological rules

The transcription of english vowels

Vowel Quality

Unstressed syllables

Tense and lax vowels

Rules for english allophones

Exercises

Performance exercises

5- English world and s entences

Strong and weak forms

Intonation

Stress

Degrees of stress

Sentence stress

Exercises

Performance exercises

6- Airstream mechanisms and phonation types

Airstream mechanisns

States of the glottis

Voice onset time

Exercises

Performance exercises

7- Place and manner of articulation

Place of articulation

Manner of articulation

Exercises

Performance exercises

8- Acoustic phonetics

Sound waves

Pitch and frequency

Loudness and intensity

Acoustic measurements

Spectrographic analysis

9- Vowels and vowel- like Articulations

Cardinal vowels

Secondary cardinal vowels

vowels in other Languages

Wide and narrow vowels

Rhotacized vowels

Nasalization

Summary of vowels Quality

Semivowels

Secondary Articulation

Exercises

Performance exercises

10- Syllables and suprasegmental Features

Syllables

Stress

Length

Pitch

Motor theory

Exercises

Performance exercises

11- Linguistic phonetics

Linguistic processes

Linguistic specifications and physical measurements

The chomsky - halle feature system

Traditional features

The classification of english phonemes

The phonetic specification of english

Exercises

Performance exercises